Saturday 22 April 2017

Analyse the representation of gender in this clip

Watch this clip four times and make notes on it. Then write an essay answering the above question with four points for each area (Editing, Camera, Mise en Scene, Sound).



First of all, the representation of gender is shown in this clip through the use of mise en scene. The setting in which every scene is set is busy central london, and this portrays how there are thousands of other people of all genders throughout the world that have different ideals and consequently different lifestyles; this is why the use of stereotyping is becoming old-fashioned and its prejudices are avoided. Next there was the prop use of a bouquet of flowers on the pavement parallel with the womans dead body; this is a juxtaposition where death is related to life, and this could show how although humankind has been split into to sections of which is man and woman, both can still live and likewise die. So in that way we're equals. There was low-key lighting on a majority of scenes which accumulates the often drowsy weather of England, this might have been foreshadowing the accident to come but in the case of gender it distinctively represents the sad days where people are oppressed in various ways because of their specific gender; luckily modern society is slowly turning away from this lifestyle. Also, through the use of costume design, where the woman is wearing a flowery dress, this similarly is juxtaposed with her forthcoming death; showing the similarities between man and woman.

Next, there was the use of camera. Starting off with the zoom-in on the couples hands together in the long taxi scene, this was to show that they both received some closure from being truthful with each other; in terms of the representation of gender it portrays how being honest can prove beneficial for any relationship no matter what gender you are. Then there was the close-up on the womans dead body which was used for emphasis, extending how tragic this accident was, not just for the woman herself but the friends and family around her; in terms of gender this shows how everyone should be equally sad for the death of a someone they love no what gender they are classified as.




Thursday 20 April 2017

G322 Question 2

How does media ownership have an impact on the successful distribution of media products in the media area that you have studied?

Warner. Bros Studios is one of the big six conglomerates that have a monopoly over the film industry, it is one of the most respected, diversified and successful motion picture and television studios in the world. Its extensive audience and funding money allows it to create huge success in mainstream films and blockbusters that generate vast profits for the company.

The case study I will be referring to throughout this essay is the mainstream film The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug. Overall the film had a production budget of $248million and made a gross profit of $958million; the cast includes Ian McKellen and Martin Freeman. First of all I will discuss each process in the creation of this film, which includes production, distribution and finally exhibition. For a film to go into production it needs investors to provide the necessary funding; when the film has been properly assured it is 'greenlit'. The director for the Hobbit trilogy was the formidable Peter Jackson, throughout the film he used two significant technological innovation ns to bring the Hobbit to life on screen, each has been seen in other movies to one degree or another but their combination adds up to what was a unique movie-going experience for audiences. The first is 3D, something that we've become very used to in theatres over the last couple of years. Jackson has stated openly that he would have shot the original LOTR trilogy with the extra dimension if possible and his immediate, often hand held, style seems perfectly suited to being presented in 3D. The second innovation is tied to the cameras provided by the American Red Digital Cinema Camera Company. With the use of the Red Epic digital cameras and special lightweight rigs, as well as several of experience with the with the pleasures and pitfalls of the system, the Hobbit was able to revitalise 3D at a time when audiences were becoming more and more jaded by it. The red digital

Tuesday 28 March 2017

Merlin essay

Camera

The use of a high angle camera shot whilst Merlin is exiting the castle and walking down the stairs to the market is representing how merlin is at a lower authority and is being looked down upon by you the viewer in the castle. This therefore suggests that the director has used the transition from a level shot to a high angle shot to represent how people quickly judge and relate people to class stereotypes. During the transition from level to high angle merlin is represented as a traditional middle class/lower class person, as the level angle suggests that he believes that he belongs in the higher class society (castle), however we then see him being represented as a less powerful and lower class person when we see the high angle shot showing him as lower and smaller from the higher class point of view.

The fight between Arthur and Merlin signifies the contrast between their classes. It is shown when a majority of the time Merlin is on the floor looking up at Arthur like how he metaphorically looks up at him because he is a higher class and Arthur is lower. This is shown from the high and low camera angles.

The opening scene of Merlin looking through someone else’s possessions shows him as being the main focus, positioned in the centre-third of the shot. This emphasises that he is currently the most important character – however, once the lady enters, who is clearly of a much higher social class as can be told by her clothes, this changes and he is pushed to the side slightly. This shows the shift of power and importance, making the lady the main focus instead of Merlin.

Editing

The use of quick fast pace shots of Merlin’s movements inside of the Ladies chamber suggest that he does not belong. The quick short shots create a feeling of being unwelcome and that Merlin is out of place. The lady is clearly of a higher class and would not expect someone of a lower class like Merlin to be there. The use of the fast pace quick shots suggest that Merlin should be quick about his actions as otherwise he will be caught.

In the clip, special effects are used to alter the representation of class and status. During the fight scene, special effects are used to make Merlin’ eye glow and make objects move on their own. By giving Merlin magical powers it gives Merlin more control and power in the situation. This subverts the stereotype that lower class citizens do not have any power or control over upper class people. This makes the audience support and feel happy that someone of Merlin’s low status is able to gain power over an upper class citizen.


Sound

The use of diegetic sound in the Merlin clip portrays class and status through the lack of sound compared to the chaos of sound. For example in the first scene Merlin is walking through the castle and there is a lack of sound. The only sounds in these scenes are quick dialogue and loud footsteps as it shows power through volume and quick authoritative speech. This is contrasted to when Merlin walks outside the castle into the open market as there are sounds of animals, wet footsteps, as there is mud underfoot, and heavy chaotic chatter. This shows the difference between the higher class and lower class through sounds as the higher class have quick and powerful sounds compared to the chaotic and cluster of the lower class sounds.   

The use of the dialogue in the Merlin clip adds to the attitudes towards class and status pre- fight scene Merlin is bold towards Arthur and challenges him in attempt to argue. This shows to the audience that merlin is not threatened by Arthurs higher status, however Arthur and his knights are amused by this and the stage directions of laughter makes a mockery of Merlin’s character particularly because Merlin is clearly of a lower status. The laughter is visibly supposed to belittle Merlin’s character in this clip; however Arthur’s action can instead make the audience feel discontent with how Arthur treats Merlin as appose to feeling sympathy towards Merlin. Especially because of this disappointment with him living up to social stereotypes.

The use of sound in the Merlin clip shows representations of class and status through the sound of the regal female character’s footsteps. The sound of her footsteps are exaggerated to sound louder than what is natural through the use of foley. The exaggerated foley footsteps create a perception to the audience of the woman possessing higher status and power than Merlin’s character. Furthermore, the foley exaggerated footsteps create the notion of Merlin being of a lower class and status, reflecting the stereotype which is laid in this clip. This is done through the woman’s footsteps being the loudest, most overpowering sound in the clip (louder than Merlin’s sounds). Overall, the woman is made to seem the most authorative in this scene through the use of sound and foley.

When the lady in the purple dress enters the room, the loud non-diegetic music that was previously playing stops. Having the music stop in time with her entrance emphasises her importance and could suggest how the upper-class are more important than those in the lower-class. This is done because by removing the music, all distractions are taken away and the audience's focus is on the woman and her conversation with Merlin. It also shows how someone of a higher class can cause disruption to a situation so easily- like the woman caused a disruption to the scene.


Mise en scene

In this film clip, the lighting and use of colour is important when assessing the representations of class and status. When inside the castle where all of the autocracy live, the lighting is dull and the colours are bleak which shows how the life of the wealthy are boring and uneventful even though they are privileged. This contrasts with the bright light and bold use of colours which are shown outside. By doing this, it represents the poorer part of the country in a good light, making their lives seem more adventurous and interesting.

In the castle courtyard, the setting is very grey and dull, but also very clean. The only people in this shot are people in expensive clothes and of a higher class/more importance. This contradicts the shot of the outside market where everything is a brown/dirty colour and where knights stand out in front of the lower class who are in rags or loose clothes. The grey setting in the courtyard carries the connotation of the higher class being boring and having to follow certain standards, whereas the market is much busier and there is a lot more happening in the scene. This could imply that there is more freedom in this area for the lower class. The clothing/props of the characters also match the setting that they are in, a grey/lighter colour in the castle courtyard, highlighting the upper class and the brown and darker colours (uglier) in the market area, highlighting the lower class and showing a clear difference between the two.

The women is seen as rich and powerful. This is shown to use with the use of her purple dress in contrast to Merlin’s dirty, dark clothes. The women’s dress is seen in a rich material that looks new and clean. This dress would make the audience believe she has money and power as her dress looks well-made and new. This is a contrast for the audience for Merlin’s clothes which is dark clothes and look clean and used. His clothes don’t fit him which furthers the point that he his lower class to this women. The audience would pick up the contrast of the women’s dress fitting well compared to Merlin’s clothes which fall of him. This portrays to the audience that merlin is more stereotypically lower class compared to the women who is seen to have a higher status due to the quality of her clothes compare to his.

The actor playing the poor character is scrawny and youthful looking which shows us how he cannot afford a well-balanced diet to grow and develop properly. His baggy clothes help emphasise his lack of figure and wealth, as someone with money would be able to buy tailored clothing. The rich character is the polar opposite of the poor one, as he has a muscular build and a straight posture with tight fitting clothes and even armour. It allows the audience to really see the stark contrast between the rich and poor when they are standing next to each other, and also subtly shows how the rich have a higher social status over the poor.

Task 9- Media terminology


Mainstream: films that are widely released in cinemas, examples of this would be Hollywood movies and blockbusters. These have a large and extensive budget and are often produced by one of the big six. 

Independent: films that are produced outside of a major film studio, independent films are usually distinguished both by the style and the artistic way the director chooses to show them. They have a smaller budget than the mainstream films and have a limited release in comparison.

Production (stages): 

-Pre-Production- planning e.g.
-Production- filming e.g.
-Post-Production- editing and completion of the film

Distribution: the process of making a movie available for viewing by an audience.

Marketing: is a key stage in the distribution of a film. Marketing is the promotion of a film, it usually includes press releases, advertising campaigns and merchandising.

Exchange: how a film is viewed whether its in a cinema, at home or on a device via streaming.

Multinational Conglomerate: a company or firm that has branches all over the world and offers a branch of services such as Walt Disney.

Monopoly: where one single company dominates all or nearly all of the market for a given product.

Oligopoly: is where the market consists of a select few companies having significant influence over an industry- the big six.

Name the Big Six (90% of box office takings): 20th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros, Paramount Pictures, Walt Disney and Universal Studios.

Horizontal Integration (also known as cross media ownership): this is where a production company expands into other areas of one industry. This means that the company can develop in a particular area of production or they can buy out another company that deals with these areas.

Vertical Integration: this is when the production company has the ownership of the means of production, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company, because of this they receive all of the profit.

Synergy: is the simultaneous release of two or more products to promote each other

Merchandising: branded products that help to promote a film or media event such as Iron Man helmets sold in children's toy shops.

Ultra Violet: allows you to store digital versions of films bought on DVD or Blu-ray. This enables playback on different devices using multiple applications from several different streaming services.

Above the Line: where mass media is used to promote a brand or film. These include conventional media as we know it, television and radio advertising, print as well as internet.       

Below the Line: an advertising strategy in which a product is promoted in mediums other than radio and television etc. 

Technological Convergence/Cross media convergence: the combining of two or more mediums, like the film industry working together with the music industry (Adele releasing to promote the film)

Consumption: the sum of media information taken in by a group or individual.

Exhibition: the last stage of a film's distribution journey- showing the film in theatres. Exhibition

Piracy: obtaining, copying and distributing a media material without proper rights of legal ownership.

Hollywood Franchise 4S Model – synergy, spectacle, sequelisation, story

Tie-In: a media product such as a book, video game or movie that makes use of material presented in another usually more well-known media product. For example: a video game that was a tie-in to a popular movie- Lego Batman game

Task 8- Technology


Monday 27 March 2017

Task 7- Audience cinema going habits

In the UK, 78% of the population are cinemagoers who set aside quality time to indulge their passion for film in an uncluttered media environment.

People aged between 4-11 tend to attend the cinema at the weekend with their families, then there is the 16-24 year olds who go on a Friday and Saturday evening or on a Sunday during the day. People who are middle aged which is 30-50 years would go during the week in the evening and also at the weekend; finally there are the elderly who are retired or over 60 tend to go during the weekdays and hardly ever at the weekend.


The graph above represents in the form percentages the most popular genres, this is very important for the film industry because from these statistics producers can choose what films to create.

I will now the find the top films for each of the genres I have listed above:


@Action/Adventure- Gladiator, War and 13 Assassins.

@Comedy- Aeroplane, Superbad and The Hangover.
@Sci-Fi/Fantasy- Blade Runner, Alien and The Matrix.
@Suspense- The Silence of the Lambs, Psycho and Rear Window.
@Based on comic books- The Dark Knight, Avengers and Spider-man.
@Animation- The Lion King, Finding Nemo and Toy Story.
@Horror- The Exorcist, The Shining and A Nightmare on Elm Street.
@Drama- The Godfather, Forest Gump and Goodfellas.
@Romantic Comedy- When Harry met Sally..., Sleepless in Seattle and Pretty Woman.
@Kids and Family- Beauty and the Beast, ET and the Wizard of Oz.
@Romance- Titanic, The notebook and Romeo and Juliet.
@Re-releases- Gone with the wind, The sound of music and Star Wars.
@Musicals- West side stories, Grease and Chicago.
@Art house/Indie- Memento, Pulp fiction and Resevoir dogs.

Audiences can hear about films through numerous different promotional techniques used by the producers/distributers. Some of the ways that audiences can gain knowledge of films is through media synergy, commercial synergy, websites and through the modernising social media presence.


Media synergy- via other media products linked to the film e.g. games, music feature etc.


Commercial synergy- via the promotion of other products linked through product placement or sponsorship.


Websites- featuring games, information, images for wallpaper, downloads etc.


Social media presence- facebook pages, related groups or events, twitter, on-screen talent social media take overs.



The Lego movie may be well loved in the UK, and the Guardians of the Galaxy be the highest grossing film of 2014 so far in the US - but what about elsewhere in the world? What are people watching in the cinemas of China, Turkey, and elsewhere?

Transformers: Age of Extinction was a clear favourite. It is taking the top spot on the box office lists for 2014 across four countries. It is the highest grossing film of the year in Russia, China, Colombia and South Africa, and in fact, the film makes an appearance in the top 20 of all the countries analysed.

In Nigeria, The Wolf of Wall Street was the highest grossing film of 2014. The film originally premiered in the US in December 2013, but did not hit cinemas in Nigeria until the end of January the following year.

3D Cinema is a bit of a moving target right now. After the initial enchantment of Avatar and the first wave of follow-up 3D movies, attendance in the US wavered and dropped. Consumers bought a lot of 3D ready devices, but not much came of it. 3D channels were reduced or cancelled.
Here is the list of ways by which you can watch a movie.

1) Theatres – This one needs neither introduction ,nor any arguments to support that the joy of watching movies especially a Scientific fiction or 3D ,cant be any better than watching it on a large screen .Theatre is numero uno choice when it comes to watching blockbuster movies.


2) DVD players – The second to none ,movies can be watched on DVD players connected to the TV set .DVDs purchased should be original and not pirated copies .DVDs are easily available in the shops and you can get them on rental plans too .Some exclusive video libraries have membership cards for frequent shoppers.

3) Online – Movies can be watched online as well .Yes, for this purpose ,all you need is just a high speed internet connection .And you can watch movies online for free.

4) Download movies –Movies can be downloaded from websites and saved into a CD ,which can be played anytime ,any number of times ,on the personal computers, laptops or even DVD players.

5) Home Theatre – This one is a miniature replica of Theatre screen .For movie lovers and fans ,this one time purchase is sure to provide a heavenly and life size experience while watching movies .It may not come for cheap ,but on a long run ,this is a good investment ,and gives you a personal space.

6) Set up a projector screen – This is just an alternative to the expensive Home theatres .All one needs is to set up a projector screen against the wall and make a temporary set up for watching movies on a big screen.